What does the term Glasnost refer to?

• A. Economic reform in Soviet policy
• B. Openness and transparency in government
• C. A military strategy used by the Soviet Union
• D. Strict censorship on public discourse

Answer: (B)

The term Glasnost refers to the policy of openness and transparency in government that was initiated by Mikhail Gorbachev in the 1980s. This concept was integral to Gorbachev's broader reforms aimed at addressing the problems within the Soviet Union. Glasnost allowed for greater freedom of expression, less censorship of the media, and encouraged public debate on political and social issues. It was seen as a way to revitalize the Soviet system by making it more accountable to its citizens, thus allowing for discussion of previously taboo topics including government corruption, inefficiencies, and social injustices.

This openness was a significant departure from the strict controls and censorship that characterized previous Soviet governance, fostering an environment where people could express their views more freely. As a result, it played a crucial role in the eventual political changes that led to the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991.